ABSTRACT
Introduction: Marma points, described extensively in the ancient Ayurvedic text Sushruta Samhita, are defined as vital anatomical locations where structures like muscles, vessels, ligaments, bones, and joints converge, and are considered seats of Prana (vital life force). While their significance in trauma surgery (Shalya Tantra) and martial arts is well-documented, their correlation with modern scientific understanding remains a subject of burgeoning interdisciplinary research. This review aims to systematically analyze the potential correspondences between classical Marma points and contemporary concepts in anatomy, physiology, neurology, and biophysics. Methods: A comprehensive narrative review was conducted. Primary Ayurvedic sources (Sushruta Samhita, Ashtanga Hridaya, related commentaries) were analyzed for Marma classifications, locations, and functions. A systematic search of electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, AYUSH Research Portal) was performed for peer-reviewed articles combining terms: "Marma points," "vital points," "Ayurveda," with "anatomy," "trigger points," "neurovascular," "fascia," "bioelectrical," "acupuncture points," "gate control theory." Preclinical, clinical, and theoretical papers up to September 2023 were included. Data from both streams were synthesized thematically. Results: The review identifies several compelling correlations: 1) Anatomical: Marma points show significant overlap with modern neurovascular hilae, motor points, and zones of superficial neurovascular bundle emergence. Major Sadhya Pranahara Marmas like Hridaya correlate with the cardiac plexus, while Sthapani Marma aligns with the supratrochlear and supraorbital neurovascular bundles. 2) Neuromyofascial: Many Mamsa and Snayu Marmas correspond to clinically recognized myofascial trigger points (MTrPs), sharing characteristics of tenderness, referred pain, and therapeutic responsiveness to pressure. 3) Physiological: The concept of Prana flow through Marmas parallels concepts of bioelectrical conductivity, with studies showing lower skin electrical resistance and higher density of gap junctions at Marma/acupuncture point locales. 4) Systemic Integration: The classification of Marmas based on structural composition (Mamsa, Sira, Snayu, Asthi, Sandhi) and functional outcome of injury provides a sophisticated early model of systems-based anatomy, anticipating modern compartment syndrome and critical injury zones. Clinical studies suggest Marma stimulation can modulate autonomic function, reduce pain (potentially via gate control and diffuse noxious inhibitory control), and influence specific organ function through somato-autonomic reflexes. Conclusion: The classical descriptions of Marma points demonstrate a prescient and detailed understanding of human vulnerability and integrative physiology. Emerging evidence supports tangible correlations with modern neuroanatomical landmarks, myofascial trigger points, zones of high bioelectrical activity, and functional physiological hubs. While the energy-based concept of Prana remains elusive to direct measurement, its proposed correlates in bioelectric and fascial communication networks offer plausible scientific frameworks. Further research employing advanced imaging, electrophysiological mapping, and rigorous controlled trials is essential to fully decode this ancient science and validate its integration into contemporary evidence-based medicine and integrative therapeutic strategies.

The global market for essential micronutrient supplementation is undergoing a crucial shift toward advanced, highly bioavailable delivery systems to combat widespread mineral deficiencies. This shift is motivated by the limited absorption and poor gastrointestinal tolerability of traditional calcium salts, such as Calcium Carbonate, which historically dominate import volume. Consumer and clinical demand are accelerating the adoption of superior forms, notably Coral Calcium, which accounted for approximately 72.7% of sales volume in one of the key regional markets of Bangladesh in 2023.

Poverty and unemployment are twin evils bedeviling the Nigerian state today. Since 2018 Nigeria has been the headquarters of poverty in the world after overtaking India. The unemployment rate has risen from 14.2 in 2016 to 41 in the year 2023 respectively. This menace has given rise to social vices, such as vote buying, cybercrimes, prostitution, kidnapping, armed robbery, human trafficking, political thuggery, and hooliganism in Nigeria. The Nigerian government have initiated several programmes to stem the rise of these problems, some of which include SURE-P, National Cash Transfer, Trader Moni and N-POWER social intervention programmes. N-POWER which is the focus of this study is part of the ongoing national social investment programme of the federal Government of Nigeria aimed specifically at job creation through human capital development and empowerment. Recent data has revealed that about 1,500,000 unemployed Nigerians have so far employed in the N-POWER programme between 2016 to 2023. This social programme was initiated by President Muhammed Buhari to curb the menace of unemployment in Nigeria between the ages of 18-35. Existing literature has fiercely criticised this programme but few have systematically looked at whether this programme has achieved its objective of meaniful youth empowerment and to know if this programme has created job opportunities in Osun State. Arising from the foregoing, the study assessed the N-POWER programme in Osun State between the periods of 2016- 2023. This was done using the following research questions: i. how has the N-POWER programme achieved its target of job creation in Osun State between 2016 and 2023? ii. how has N-POWER achieved its objective of how impactful the N-POWER programme has on the socioeconomic livelihood of the beneficiaries in Osun state between 2016 -2023? Systems theory was adopted for this study. The data for the study were generated through documentary and survey methods. The study found that this Government social intervention programme of N-POWER has not achieved its target of job creation nor has N-POWER been impactful on the socioeconomic livelihood of the beneficiaries in Osun State between the periods under study. It therefore recommended, among other things that the condition of service for N-POWER volunteers should be reviewed to boost their level of job motivation towards job efficiency and punctuality.

India is currently facing a complex and interlinked burden of health hazards arising from substance abuse, harmful alcohol consumption, addiction withdrawal syndromes, unsafe abortion practices, peptic ulcer disease, diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and food adulteration. These conditions collectively contribute to significant preventable morbidity, mortality, and economic strain on the healthcare system. Drug abuse and alcohol consumption remain major public health challenges, leading to overdose deaths, liver disease, injuries, and mental health disorders, while inadequate management of withdrawal syndromes further increases complications and relapse-related mortality. Unsafe abortion continues to be an important cause of maternal deaths, particularly in underserved populations, despite progressive legal frameworks. Non-communicable diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, and obesity are rapidly rising due to lifestyle transitions, dietary changes, and urbanization, substantially increasing cardiovascular and metabolic mortality. Peptic ulcer disease persists due to Helicobacter pylori infection, Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug (NSAID) misuse, and stress, while emerging therapeutic strategies aim to improve outcomes. Food adulteration and consumption of unsafe food expose populations to toxic chemicals and pathogens, resulting in acute poisoning, chronic organ damage, and foodborne illnesses. This article highlights the current scenario of these health hazards in India, emphasizing their pathophysiology, public health impact, and mortality burden. It also underscores the role of national laws, regulatory bodies, and public health programs, such as the (Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances) NDPS Act, (Medical Termination of Pregnancy) MTP Act, (National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases and Stroke) NPCDCS, (Food Safety and Standards Authority of India) FSSAI initiatives, and Ayushman Bharat, in prevention and management. Strengthening policy implementation, promoting awareness, early screening, rational therapy, and intersectoral coordination are essential to reduce preventable deaths and improve population health outcomes in India.

Biostatistics and research methodology play a central role in advancing pharmaceutical sciences and the broader domain of health sciences by enabling evidence-based decision-making and scientific rigor. Biostatistics provides essential tools for data collection, analysis, interpretation, and presentation, allowing researchers to manage biological variability, test hypotheses, and evaluate therapeutic outcomes. Research methodology, on the other hand, offers structured frameworks for formulating research questions, selecting appropriate study designs, minimizing bias, and ensuring ethical conduct. Together, these disciplines support critical areas such as drug discovery and development, clinical trials, epidemiology, pharmacovigilance, and public health research. Recent advances in statistical software and digital tools have improved accessibility and efficiency, allowing researchers and students to perform complex analyses with greater accuracy and confidence. Despite these advancements, challenges remain, including inadequate statistical literacy, improper study planning, misinterpretation of results, and poor adherence to reporting standards, which can compromise research validity and reproducibility. International guidelines and regulatory frameworks emphasize the need for standardized methodologies, transparent reporting, and ethical compliance to strengthen research outcomes. This short communication highlights the importance and practical applications of biostatistics and research methodology across pharmaceutical and health sciences, emphasizing their role in improving research quality, regulatory acceptance, and patient safety. Strengthening training, promoting methodological awareness, and integrating statistical principles at all stages of research are essential to advancing scientific credibility and supporting informed healthcare decisions.

Stem-cell-derived compounds represent a rapidly evolving category in cosmetic science due to their regenerative and bioactive potential. These ingredients support cellular renewal by aiding in the replacement of damaged skin cells and promoting tissue restoration. Cosmetic formulations commonly utilize extracts from plant stem cells (e.g., apple, grape, lotus) and human stem cell–conditioned media obtained from sources such as adipose tissue or dental pulp. Their activity stems from the presence of antioxidants, growth factors, polyphenols, peptides, cytokines, and fatty acids, which contribute to skin rejuvenation, hydration, wound healing, and anti-aging effects. Current research focuses on protecting native skin stem cells to delay aging by enhancing their resilience against oxidative stress and cellular deterioration. Plant biotechnology allows for consistent and sustainable synthesis of active compounds, while human stem cell–conditioned media provide advanced regenerative substances such as cytokines and exosomes. This review discusses the origin, mechanisms, efficacy, formulation techniques, regulatory aspects, and future prospects of stem-cell-derived materials in topical cosmetic applications. The study further highlights the need for innovation and sustainability in developing safe and high-performing cosmeceutical products.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent chronic neurological condition. Dementia, another name for AD, is a gradual loss of memory that never fully recovers. It is brought on by the death of healthy brain cells. Ten to fifteen percent of instances of this illness have a hereditary component. But in every case of Alzheimer's disease, the tau protein produces tangles and the beta amyloid (A) protein forms plaques, which interfere with regular neural functions including interacting with other brain cells, delivering nutrition, and transferring neurotransmitters, ultimately resulting in the sickness. This illness destroys brain cells, causing memory loss and cognitive and behavioral problems that are severe enough to disrupt social life, work, or long-held hobbies. The most common cause of Alzheimer's disease in the elderly is dementia. The term "dementia" refers to a group of symptoms that include problems with memory, logic, and social functioning. Cognitive functioning (thinking, remembering, and reasoning) is lost in dementia.